Language teaching came into its own as a profession in the last century. Central to this phenomenon was the emergence of the concept of "methods" of language teaching. The method concept in language teaching – the notion of a systematic set of teaching practices based on a particular theory of language and language learning - is a powerful one, and the quest for better methods was a preoccupation of teachers and applied linguists throughout the 20th century. Howatt’s (1984) overview documents the history of changes of practice in language teaching throughout history, bringing the chronology up through the Direct Method in the 20th century. One of the most lasting legacies of the Direct Method has been the notion of “method” itself.
Methodology in language teaching h
as been characterized in a variety of ways. A more or less classical formulation suggests that methodology is that which links theory and practice.
Within methodology a distinction is often made between methods and approaches, in which methods are held to be fixed teaching system with prescribed techniques and practices, whereas approaches represent language teaching philosophies that can be interpreted and applied in a variety of different ways in the classroom.
The period from the 1950s to the 1980s has often been referred to as "The Age of Methods", during which a number of quite detailed prescriptions for the language teaching were proposed. Situational Language teaching evolved in the United Kingdom while a parallel method, Audio-Lingualism, emerged in the United States.
The early well-known language teaching methods include the Grammar-Translation Method, the Direct Method, the Oral Approach or Situational Language Teaching and the Audio-Lingual Method. In the middle-methods period, a variety of methods were proclaimed as successors to the then prevailing Situational Language Teaching and Audio–Lingual methods. These alternatives were promoted under such titles as Silent Way, Suggestopedia, Community Language Learning and total Physical Response. In the 1980s, these methods in turn came to be overshadowed by more interactive views of language teaching, which collectively came to be known as Communicative Language Teaching (CLT).
Language Teaching Came into its Own as a Profession in the Last Century written by Monique Barb for FamousWhy.com
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by Monique Barb -