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A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Lichens are peculiar organisms in which algae and fungi live together.They are usually flat and crust-like, with no roots and often grow on roofs, rocks or tree branches, and are frequently... | |
 When did the first plants appear? Scientists believe that the first primitive plants appeared about 1,000 million years ago. It is difficult to be certain about the date, because simple organisms do not usually leave... | |
 Plants are organisms that use light as a source of energy and to produce the food they need in order to live and grow. Plant cells have a tough outer wall made of a substance called... |  Migration is the mass movement of groups of animals. It is caused by the animals' need to find food, by climatic changes during the year, and by the need to breed. Sometimes migrating... |
 Crustaceans are aquatic arthropods such as crabs, lobsters and shrimps.They have a very tough, jointed external skeleton and jointed walking legs.Their body is divided into a region... |  What are insect larvae and pupae? Insects such as grasshoppers and locusts emerge from eggs as miniature adults. Other insects go through a complicated development during which they completely change their shape and... |
 Arthropods are animals with a hard external skeleton like a suit of armor. The skeleton is jointed to allow movement. Arthropods have evolved in a different way to vertebrates and... |  How can fish breathe underwater? Fish are able to breathe underwater because they have special organs called gills. Gills are bars of tissue at the side of the fish's head. They... |
 From an evolutionary point of view, amphibians are halfway between fish and reptiles.There are 4,400 living species of amphibian. This group includes frogs and toads, newts and salamanders... |  A reptile is an air-breathing animal with a body structure between that of the amphibians and the birds and mammals. Reptiles are generally scaly and their eggs are fertilized internally. Living... |
 How are birds different from mammals? The structure of a bird is very similar to that of a mammal. Birds differ from mammals in that their front limbs are modified as wings, and they possess feathers instead of hair. Birds... |  Which is the most successful mammal on Earth? We like to think that humans are the most successful animals, but it could be argued that rats are even more successful. Rats are found wherever people live, and they can adapt... |
 Mammals are vertebrate animals that nourish their young with milk. All mammals are warm-blooded (and so are birds). At some stage in their development they all have hair, although this... |  Which animals are warm blooded? Mammals and birds are the main groups of warm-blooded animals. Some very active fish, such as tuna, are also warm-blooded. However, the mechanism that heats their bodies is different... |
 Animals are one of the major groups of living things. The other two groups are plants and fungi. The cells of animals differ from plant cells because there is no hard cell wall.... |  Evolution is the name given to the gradual adaptation of living things to take advantage of the environment they live in. This process, which takes place over millions of years,... |
 Which scientists study nature? Nature is a subject that involves many different types of scientist. Zoologists study animals and botanists study plants. There are many other subdivisions within these individual subjects.... |  Various types of mechanical calculators had already been invented when, in 1835, Charles Babbage, a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University, described the principle of an analytical... |
 Who made the first powered flight? The Wrights were the first people to invent a practical aeroplane that could be flown under full control. Although it looked like a box kite, the Wright Flyer was a practical and successful... |  Who invented the first steam engine? During the 1st century a Greek inventor and mathematician called Hero of Alexandria produced a device that later led to the development of modern turbines and jet engines. Hero's device... |
 Who discovered the radioactive element radium? Marie Curie and her husband Pierre began their research into radioactivity in 1895. They soon discovered the new element thorium, and in 1898 they discovered two other elements - polonium... |  Who invented the scientific method? Archimedes was a Greek mathematician who lived between about 287 and 212bc. Unlike many Greek philosophers of the time, Archimedes believed in making experiments to prove that his theories... |
 Who invented the modern science of astronomy? Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) built several telescopes and observed the movements of the Moon and planets. He was the first person to discover that the surface of the Moon is rough and... |  Natural gas is widely used to supply energy for domestic use and for industrial processes. It was formed millions of years ago by the same process that produced oil. Gas flows or is... |